Technology Assessment of Refueling-Connection Devices for CNG, LNG, and Propane

TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Research Results Digest 25: Technology Assessment of Refueling-Connection Devices for CNG, LNG, and Propane provides an assessment of current and emerging refueling-connection-device (nozzle) technologies (both domestic and international) for fueling alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). The nozzle technologies discussed in this digest are those used for refueling with compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG, commonly referred to as propane). The discussion covers all types of nozzles for the listed fuels. However, the analytical work focuses on nozzles used in heavyduty applications, specifically, transit buses.