Bidirectional-Ductile End Diaphragms for Seismic Performance and Substructure Protection

TRB's Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA) Highway Project 172: Bidirectional-Ductile End Diaphragms for Seismic Performance and Substructure Protection explores the applications of ductile diaphragms for use as a seismic-resistance solution for short and medium span steel bridges in all seismic regions. The research focused on applications for new bridge design, but the information could be applied to existing bridges for seismic retrofit purposes.