TRB's National Cooperative Highway Reserach Program (NCHRP) Report 447: Testing and Inspection Levels for Hot-Mix Asphaltic Concrete Overlays contains the findings of a study to develop a rational method for determining the minimum level for both agency and contractor testing and inspection activities necessary to satisfactorily construct hot-mix asphaltic concrete (HMA) overlays using the AASHTO Quality Assurance Guide Specification and the AASHTO Implementation Manual for Quality Assurance and to apply the findings of this research to other construction activities. The minimum level of testing and inspection is defined in this report as the minimum testing and inspection resources that should be allocated for a given project.